Gynaecomastia-causing drugs

DISCOSDigoxin
Isoniazid
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Stilboestrol




Morphine: side-effects
MORPHINE


Myosis
Out of it ...sedation
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia...aspiration
Hypotension
               Infrequency...constipation, urinary retention
Nausea
Emesis




Etoposide: action, indications, side effect
eTOPoside


Action
Inhibits TOPoisomerase II


Indications
Testicular carcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma of lung
Prostate carcinoma


Side effect
Affects TOP of your head, causing alopecia




Medication administration: short checklist
TRAMP


Before dispensing medication, ensure have correct
Time
Route
Amount
Medication
Patient




Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine
MorPHINE: Fine. AmPHETamine: Fat
Morphine overdose: pupils constricted ..fine
Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated ..fat




Nitrofurantoin: major side effects
NitroFurAntoin


Neuropathy..peripheral neuropathy
Fibrosis..pulmonary fibrosis
Anemia..hemolytic anemia

Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine

eDrophonium is for Diagnosis
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms


Lithium: side effects
LITHIUM

Leukocytes Increased...leukocytosis
Tremors
Hypothyroidism
Increased Urine
Moms beware...teratogenic



Respiratory depression inducing drugs
STOP breathing

Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins



Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD

Selegiline
Anticholinenergics...trihexyphe nidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor ...carbidopa, benserazide
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists ...bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide

Inhalation anesthetics
SHINE

Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Enflurane
· If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.



Warfarin: interactions
ACADEMIC QACS

Amiodarone
Cimetidine
Aspirin
Dapsone
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Indomethacin
Clofibrates
Quinidine
Azapropazone
Ciprofloxacin
Statins



Steroids: side effects
BECLOMETHASONE

Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin arms & legs
Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability


Teratogenic drugs
W/ TERATOgenic

Warfarin
Thalidomide
Epileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Retinoid
ACE inhibitor
Third element: lithium
OCP and other hormones...eg danazol



Sulfonamides: common characteristics
SULFA

Steven-Johnson syndrome/ Skin rash / Solubility low
Urine precipitation/ Useful for UTI
Large spectrum...gram positives and negatives
Folic acids synthesis blocker...as well as synthesis of nucleic acids
Analog of PABA



Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor ********
You have 1 heart and 2 lungs

Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart
Beta-2 primarily on lungs

Amiodarone: action, side effects
six P's

Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

TB: antibiotics used
STRIPE

STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrizinamide
Ethambutol

Sodium valproate: side effects
VALPROATE

Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats...weight gain
Oedema ...peripheral oedema
Appetite increase
Tremor
Enzyme inducer...liver

Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions
ABCDE

Asthma
Block...heart block
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte ...hyperkalemia

Beta 1 selective blockers
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty"

Beta 1 blockers
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" 
(because he has a runny nose)

Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol

Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA

Mental retardation

Electrolyte imbalance

Tolerance

Headache/ Hepatotoxicity

psYcological upset

Lactation in female

Dry mouth

Oedema

Parkinsonism

Anaemia...haemolytic

Hypertension: treatment
ABCD

ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists...sometimes Alpha agonists also
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics...sometimes vasoDilators also

Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring

EnoXaprin only acts on factor X
Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT

Anesthesia: 4 stages
"Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M"

Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Medullary paralysis

SSRIs: side effects
SSRI

Serotonin syndrome
Stimulate CNS
Reproductive dysfunctions in male
Insomnia

Lead poisoning: presentation
ABCDEFG

Anemia
Basophilic stripping
Colicky pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot drop
Gum ...lead line

Depression: 5 drugs causing it
PROMS

Propranolol
Reserpine
Oral contraceptives
Methyldopa
Steroids

Microtubules: drugs that act on microtubules
"The MicroTubule Growth Voiding Chemicals"

Thiabendazole
Mebendazole
Taxol
Griseofulvin
Vincristine/ Vinblastine
Colchicine

Torsades de Pointes: drugs causing
APACHE

Amiodarone
Procainamide
Arsenium
Cisapride
Haloperidol
Eritromycin



Benzodiazapines: ones not ----bolized by the liver...safe to use in liver failure
LOT

Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam



SIADH-inducing drugs
ABCD

Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
Barbiturates
Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
Diuretic ..thiazide



Pulmonary infiltrations inducing drugs
"Go BAN Me!"

Gold
Bleomycin/ Busulphan/ BCNU
Amiodarone/ Acyclovir/ Azathioprine
Nitrofurantoin
Melphalan/ Methotrexate/ Methysergide


Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis
"Very Angry Hepatocytes"

Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane


Phenytoin: adverse effects
PHENYTOIN

P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 ----bolism ..hence anemia
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache


Ribavirin: indications
RIBAvirin

RSV
Influenza B
Arenaviruses ...Lassa, Bolivian, etc


Aspirin: side effects
ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise..tinnitus

Read More

Medical and Pharmacy Mnemonics

HEPATIC ENZYME INHIBITORS
SICKFACES. COM

Sodium valproate
Isoniazide
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol..binge drinking
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

HEPATIC ENZYME INDUCERS
GP PARCS

Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Phenobarbitone
Alcohol..chronic use
Rifampicin
Carbamazepines
Sulfonyl ureas

DRUGS EXTENSIVELY BOUND TO PROTEINS
PDF SWAMP

Propranolol
Diazepam
Fibrates
Sulfonyl ureas
Warfarin
Aspirin
Montelukast
Phenytoin

DRUGS CAUSING HEPATITIS
I'M SHARP SCAMPI


Isoniazide
Methyldopa
Sulfonyl ureas
Halothane
Amiodarone
Rifampicin
Phenytoin
Sodium valproate
Ciprofloxacin
Antifungals ..systemically
Methotrexate
Pyrazinamide
Isotretinoin

DRUGS CAUSING LUPUS
PIG'S PH


Propyl thiouracil
Isoniazide
Griseofluvin
Sulfonamides
Phenytoin
Hydralazine




DRUGS CAUSIND WEIGHT GAIN
MS CLOT


MAO inhibtors
Sodium valproate
Corticosteroids
Lithium
Oral contraceptives
Tricylic antidepressantsDRUGS CAUSING PULMONARY FIBROSIS
Bad Breathlessness Makes More Air Necessary

Busulfan
Bleomycin
Methylsergide
Methotrexate
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantion



DRUGS CAUSING PANCREATITIS
FAST CATS

Furosemide
Azathioprine
Sodium valproate
Tetracycline
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Thiazides
Sulfonamides


MORPHINE'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS
HECK of a DREAM
Histamine and Hormonal actions..increased prolactin, decreased GRH, CH, FSH, ACTH

Emesis
Contraction of biliary smooth muscle

Cardiovascular changes..there's verry little CV changes at normal dosages, orthostatic hypotension may occur

Decrease cough reflex, Decrese GI motility, Depression of mental functioning,,,seddation

Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Analgesia
Miosis

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Medical and Pharmacy Mnemonics

THE ADVERSE REACTIONS OF CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
DUMBLES

Diarrhea and decreased blood pressure
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstriction
Excitation of skeletal muscle
Lacrimation
Salivation and sweating

THERAPEUTIC USES OF BETHANECHOL..cholinergic
BBB

Bethanechol stimulates the Bladder and Bowel

TOXIC EFFECT OF MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS
Dry as bone, Hot as a hare, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter

Dry mouth
Inhibition of sweating specially in young children
Tachycardia and cutaneous vasodilation
Blurred vision
Hallucination and delirium

CONDITIONS OR DISEASES CAUSE HYPERCALCEMIA
CHIMPANZEES

Calcium supplementation
Hyperparathyroidism
Iatrogenic..caused by thiazide diuretics
Milk alkali syndrome/ Malignancy
Paget's disease
Addison's disease
Neoplasm
Zollinger-ellison syndrome
Excess vitamin D
Excess vitamin A
Sarcoid

GRAM -VE BACTERIA THAT FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS ARE ACTIVE AGAINST
PEcK


Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella




SULFONAMIDES TOXICITIES THAT SHOULD WATCH FOR
CRANK


Crystalluria
Rashes
Anemia
Nausea
Kernicterus




DRUGS USED FOR HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS
For herpes, GIVe acyclovir


Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
Acyclovir




ONE OF RIFAMPICIN SIDE EFFECT
Rifampicin-Red orange


urine, sweat, tears and other secretions may become red orange in color

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSENTS (TCA) SIDE EFFECTS
TCA'S


Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac...arrhymia, MI, stroke
Anticholinergic...tachycardia, urinary retention, etc
Seizures




RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION INDUCING DRUGS
STOP breathing


Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins




HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS: SIDE EFFECTS, CONTAINDICATIONS, INTERACTIONS
HMG-CoA


Side effects
HepatotoxicityMyositis...rhabdomyolysis


Contraindications
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing children


Interactions
Coumarin/ Cyclosporine


BENZODIAZEPINES THREE MEMBERS THAT UNDERGO EXTRAHEPATIC ----BOLISM
Outside The Liver


Oxazepam
Temazepam
Lorazepam
These undergo extrahepatic ----bolism and do not form active ----bolites




LITHIUM SIDE EFFECTS
LITH


Leukocytosis
Insipidus ...diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuria
Tremor/ Teratogenesis
Hypothyroidism

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