HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PHARMACY

 

1. Hospital pharmacy - Definition, hospital organization, pharmacy organization and personnel, location and layout of a hospital pharmacy unit in a hospital, responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist.
2. Pharmacy and therapeutics commitee, hospital formulay, dispensing to inpatients (a) floor stock system, (b) Individual prescription order system, (c) combination of (a) and (b), dispensing to out patients.
3. Purchase and inventory control in hospitals and in community pharmacy, storage of drugs.
4. Drug info ration center, central sterile supply, intravenous drugs admixture, unit dosage dispensing, prepackaging in the hospital
5. Manufacturing - Bulk and sterile handling of controlled drugs, current state of hospital pharmacy in India.
6. Community pharmacy: (1) drug house management - selection of site, space, lay-out, and legal requirements, structure of pharmacy organization.
7. Sales promotion: Market research-salesmanship, qualities of a salesman, advertising and window display.
8. Recruitment finance: Capital requirements, sources of pharmacy capital, risk management and insurance.
9. Pharmacy finance: Capital requirements, sources of pharmacy capital, risk management and insurance.

Suggested books:
1. Merchant and qadry's text book of hospital pharmacy revised by Dr.Ramesh K Goyal and RK Parikh; BS Shah Prakashan Publications.
2. Hospital pharmacy by William E Hassan.
3. Pharmacy management for students and practioners, by C.Patrick Tharp and Pedro J Lecca.
4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.

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CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS PRACTICALS

1. Calculation of elimination t1/2 of a drug from a given data.
2. Calculation of absorption t1/2 of a drug from a given data.
3. Calculation of pediatric dose from adult dose.
4. Prediction of drug interaction from a given set of drugs.
5. Prediction of drug interaction from a given set of drugs.
6. Prediction of drug interaction from a given set of drugs.
7. Dosage schedule of important drugs used fro TB.
8. Dose and Dosage schedule of digoxin.
9. Dosage adjustment of drugs in renal failure.
10. Adverse effects of selected drugs.
11. Drugs not to be used in pregnancy.
12. Care to be taken by lactating mothers in drug use.

Suggested books:
1. Clinical pharmacy and therapuetics: Roger Walker and Clive Edwards.
2. Contemporary perspectives on clinical pharmacotherapuetics: Kamlesh.Kholi

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CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS THEORY

General concept: Clinical pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, parental nutrition, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacovigilance, therapeutic drug monitoring, neutraceuticals, essential drugs and rational drug usage. Age related drug therapy: concept of posology, drug therapy for neonates, pediatrics and geriatrics. Drugs used in pregnancy and lactation. Drug therapy in gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
Drug therapy for neurological and psychological disorders.
Drug therapy in infections of respiratory system, urinary system, infective miningitis, TB, HIV, malaria and filaria.
Drug therapy for thyroid and parathyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, menstrual cycle disorders, menopause and male sexual dysfunction.
Drug therapy for malignant disorders like leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors.
Drug therapy for rheumatic, eye and skin disorders.

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BIOPHARAMCEUTICS AND NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS - PRACTICAL

1. Evaluation of dissolution rate of commercial brands (at least two brands) of paracetamol tablets as per IP/BP/USP.
2. Evaluation of dissolution rate of commercial brands (at least two brands) of Indomethacin Conventional and SR capsules as per IP/BP/USP
3. To study the effect of surfactant on the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs.
4. Preparation and Evaluation of solid dispersions of insoluble drugs in PVP/PEG/Mannitol ( with at least two drugs)
5. Preparation and Evaluation of Matrix Tablets for sustained release ( with at least two drugs)
6. Determination of Kel and t1/2 of at least one drug.
7. Determination of Vd and renal clearance.
8. Determination of Ka and AUC.
9. Analysis of pharmacokinetic data as per one compartment model (I. V).
10. Analysis of pharmacokinetic data as per one compartment model (oral).

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BIOPHARAMCEUTICS AND NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

1. Biopharmaceutics: Introduction, fate of drug after administration, routes of drug administration, drug absorption, drug absorption and disposition. Drug absorption: Oral, Percutaneous, rectal, factors involved, mechanisms and kinetics - a detailed study of physiochemical, biological and dosage form considerations in drug absorption.
2. Drug dissolution and bioavailability: Concepts, definitions, factors involved, assassment, official methods, applications and significance.
3. Drug distribution: Localization and protein binding - enterohepatic cycling - first pass effect. Drug elimination: Metabolism, hepatic metabolism, microsomal and non microsomal metabolism, enzyme induction and inhibition and their influence on drug activity, drug excretion through urine, bile, lungs and skin - renal clearance. Significance of Biopharmaceutics in product formuation and developmant.
4. Pharmacokinetics: Introduction, compartment models, blood level curves, pharmacokinetic parameters, biological half - life, apparent volume of distribution, renal clearance, absorption rate, AUC - their significance, kinetics of blood levels following IV, oral, single and repeated administration. Introduction to dosage regimens.
5. Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, basic concepts in controlled release - Mechanisms and basic techniques used. Advantages and disadvantages of controlled release products. A brief study of the following types of controlled release systems.
(i) Oral controlled release: Matrix tablets, coated pellets, OROS.
(ii) Parental controlled release: Microspheres, emulsions and suspensions.
(iii) Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS): Basic concepts, limitations, design for TTS.
(iv) Implants and implantable devices: An introduction to osmotically controlled drug delivery systems.
(v) A study of Liposomes, Released Erythrocytes, Nanoparticles and their applications.

Applications:
1. Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Leon Lachman, Lieberman and Kanig;
2. Remington's Practice of Pharmaceutical Sciences;
3. Biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi
4. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics byBrahmankar;
5. Modern pharmaceutics by Banker.
6. Oral drug delivery technology by Aukunaru Jithan published by Pharma book syndicate

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VI (MEDICINAL-II) PRACTICALS

1. Preparation of synthetic drugs involving two or three steps such as benzocaine, barbituric acid, methaqualone, cinchopen, phenolphthalein.
2. Identification of drugs.
3. Analysis of formulations containing drugs studied in theory such as chloroquine phosphate, metronizadole, diethyl carbamazine, pentobarbitone, dapsone, isoniazid, tolbutamide, sulpha drugs.

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VI (MEDICINAL-II)

1. Physico-chemical properties and biological activity: Influence of partition coefficient, covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, surface activity, redox potentials, chelation, enantiomers, and geometrical isomerism an biological activity.
2. Factors affecting adsorption, transport, distribution and elimination of drugs, protein binding of drugs.
3. Introduction to the concepts of prodrug, soft drugs and targeted drugs
4. Introduction to principles of chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic index, drug resistance, super infection.
A study of the classification, mode of action, uses and synthesis of specified members in each of the following categories.
5. Antiinfective agents: a) Ectoparasiticides: Lindane, pyrethrins, sulfurated compounds, benzyl benzoate (b) Antiseptics and disenfectants: alcohol, formaldehyde, recorcinol, hydrogen peroxide, benza;konium chloride, gentian violet, methyline blue and furazolidone.
6. Sulphonamides: sulfisoxazole, sulphamethazole and sullphathiozole.
7. Antimycobacterial agents: a) Antitubercular agents: PASA, isoniazid b) antileprotic agents: dapsone
8. Antihelmintics: diethyl carbamazine citrate, mebendazole, tinidazole, thiobendazole and pyrantel pamoate
9. Antimalarials: Chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, and pyremetnamine.
10. Antiamoebic agents: metronizadole, diloxanide, furoate, and carbarsone.
11. Antifungal agents: clotrimazole, Ketocanazole and tolnaftate.
12. Antiviral agents: acyclovir, zidovudine, idoxuridine and adamantine
13. Cytostatic agents: chlorambucil, cyclophospamide, lomustine, methotrexate, 5-flouro uracil and mercaptourine
14. Adrenergic drugs: Biosynthesis and metabolism of catecholamines, direct and indirect sympathomimetics, mode of action and structure activity relations, adrenergic blocking agents, synthesis of amphetamine, phenyl ethylamine and isoproterneol.
15. Cholinergic agents and anticholinesterases: Structural features of acetylcholine, cholinergic agonists, anticholinesterases, synthesis of carbachol, physostigmine, neostigmine and dicyclomine.
16. Diuretics: acetazolamide, furosemide, ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorthiazide.
17. Antihypertensives: methyl dopa, amlodipine, prazocin and propranolol


Text books:
1. Wilson and Gisvold, textbook of organic, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemisrty.
2. Bently and Drivers Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
3. Remington's Practice of pharmaceutical sciences.

Reference books:
1. Organic Chemistry, Vol.I. by I.L.Finar
2. Essentials of medicinal chemistry by Karlkovas
3. Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.I, II and III. by A.Burger
4. Indian Pharmacopoeia

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B.pharmacy Syllabus for 2008 batch

1st & 2nd Semester1st yr
3rd Semester- 2nd yr

4th Semester- 2nd yr

5th Semester- 3rd yr

6th Semester- 3rd yr

7th Semester- 4th yr

8th Semester- 4th yr

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