HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - II

Endocrine glands: Adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pitutary, thymus and gonads, their hormones and physiology. Knowledge on Addison's disease, Hirsutism, cretinism, Goiter, Myxedema, tetany, acromegaly. Physiology of male and female reproductive systems; Production of gametes, sex differentiation, fundamental knowledge on puberty, menstrual cycle, conception, parturition and menopause knowledge on common chromosomal abnormalities.

Respiratory organs and their physiology. Mechanisms of respiration. Molecular aspects of cellular respiration. Transport of gases between lungs and tissues. Artificial respiration methods. Knowledge on asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis. Kidney structure of nephron, formation of urine, knowledge of micturition, crystalluria, function of rennin-angioistatin system, acid-base balance of body fluids. Nephritis, Kidney function in geriatrics. Excretory organs skin, sweat glands and their function.

Central nervous system (CNS): Membrane potentials, nerve excitation and conduction, neurons, neuronal transmission, receptors. Fundamentals of anatomy of brain and spinal cord. Reflex action and reflex arc. Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and cranial nerves. Spinal cord and spinal nerves. Reticular activating system, limbic system and their function, sleep, EEG, ventricles of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its circulation, blood brain barrier, epilepsy, anxiety, schizophrenia, depression, sleep, insomnia, parkinsonism.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) : Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of ANS. Fundamentals of anatomy of ANS - Physiology of ANS. Neurotransmitters - Chemical transmission, cholinergic and adrenergic nerves. Organs of special senses - taste, smell, touch, hearing and vision. Glucoma, mydriasis, miosis, conjugativitis, deafness.

Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals. Metabolic disorders - diabetes, thermoregulation - pyrexia, pain - inflammation - arthritis. Immune systems. Immunocompetent cells and their development - autoimmune disorders.

Suggested Books:
1. shambulngam - Essentials of Physiology
2. Ross & Wilson - Anatomy & Physiology in health and illness - Anne Waugh, Allison Grant.
3. First Aid to the injured - Published bySaint John Ambulance Association
4. A treatise on Hygeine and piblic health, B.N.Ghosh, Calcutta Scientific Publishing Company.

Reference Books:
1. Text Book of Medical Physiology -Arthur.C.Guton
2. Samson Wright's Applied Physiology

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